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| Was a dominican theologian, scientific and free thinker. He defended
the theory of the infinite universe and his conception of the infinite
universe-life (that he took from the greeks) influenced on Descartes and
Spinoza among others. Bruno initiated the modern pantheism of the substance, theory that was later taken by the illustrious thinker Spinoza, also pursued due to his ideas, in this case by the jew orthodoxy. For Bruno, God was a universal intelligence (logos) in the way of the ionic materialist philosophers, Democritus among others. He affirmed that the Universe was an organization with self-movement and life; big, because included all beings in it and filled all possible spaces; sacred, because its soul, meaning its being, would be God. “Everything is full of Gods”. The matter was itself one and absolute, but admitted diverse forms. The forms could vary to the infinite even though its nature continued being the same. Bruno gave importance to the hermetic tradition, meaning the beliefs and ancient formulations, and he clearly expressed this importance: there was an ancient wisdom that the egyptian knew. The true religion for Bruno is incorporated in the hermetic pantheism, in God conceived as inseparable from the matter. As the great and advanced characters defined the form of this special period, the scientific discoveries also determined a radical change in the conception of the world. Polish NIKOLAUS KOPPERNIK (COPERNICUS) (1473 – 1543), with his treaty “De revolutionibus orbiurn coelestiurn” (1543) gave a definitive stroke to the Ptolemy system: he proves the rotation of the earth on its own axis and the permanent mobility of the planets around the sun (heliocentric). Combated by the church, the Copernican ideas will have to wait for the arrival of the German KEPLER (1571 – 1630) (inventor of the telescope) who, after enunciating his three laws regarding the celestial mechanics, left no doubt related to the authentic scientific value of the heliocentric theory. The renaissance bears an idea of the state which configuration (enforced with the appear of the phenomenon of the nationality) has lasted in its essence until our days. The unified state of the kings, the culmination of a new politic approach, that finds a proper literary interpreter in NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI (1469 – 1527), founder of the modern politic thinking. In “The Prince” (written in 1513) is where he draws the lines of his ideas, he proposes a strong state (the goal justifies the means) independent from the church and conducted by the prince, who needs to have optimal qualities of realism and inflexibility in the application of the reason of state. He also defends the ideological multiplicity in the society and considers fertile the fights among parties and social groups. Among the models of the traditional Wisdom, the one of the Hermetic |
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| LogiaUrartu.org.ar |